Iindaba - Umgaqo-siseko Wokugrunjwa Wamanzi

A umatshini wamanzi wokwemba amanziluhlobo loomatshini bobunjineli abaqhele ukusetyenziswa kuphuhliso lobutyebi bamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Igrumba ize igrumbe imingxuma ngaphantsi komhlaba ngokujikelezisa imibhobho yokubhoboza kunye neziqwenga zokwemba. Umgaqo womatshini wokugrumba iqula lamanzi ikakhulu ubandakanya le miba ilandelayo:

1.Drill umbhobho kunye ne-drill bit
Amalungu angundoqo aumatshini wamanzi wokwemba amanzingumbhobho wokubhobhoza kunye nentwana yokubhola. Umbhobho wokubhoboza wenziwa ngamacandelo amaninzi ombhobho wokubhoboza adityaniswe kunye ukwenza umbhobho wokubhola omde nowomeleleyo. Iingceba zokomba zizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukugrumba imithombo yamanzi kunye namatye angaphantsi komhlaba. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe nge-alloys zetsimbi kwaye zinobunzima obuqinileyo kunye nokumelana nokugqoka.

2. Umbhobho we-Drill uhambisa amandla
Iumatshini wamanzi wokwemba amanziihambisa amandla ngombhobho wokubhobhoza kwaye idlulisela amandla ukusuka kumthombo wamandla (ngokuqhelekileyo injini ye-diesel) ukuya kwi-drill bit ukufezekisa injongo yokwemba. Indlela yokudluliselwa kombhobho wokubhobhoza idla ngokugqithiswa ngamakhonkco okanye igiya, eguqula amandla ajikelezayo enjini kumandla ajikelezayo wombhobho wokubhobhoza.

3.Drilling fluid
Drilling fluid yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwaye ibalulekileyoukugrunjwa kwequla lamanziinkqubo. Ubukhulu becala idlala indima yokupholisa i-drill bit, ukucoca i-wellbore kunye nokuthatha ukusika ukusika. Ulwelo lokugrunjwa lumpontshelwa kumbhobho wokubhola luze lutshizwe ngemilomo yombhobho wokubhola ukupholisa intwana yokomba nokucoca umthombo. Ulwelo oluqhelekileyo lokomba lubandakanya udaka kunye namanzi. Udaka ludla ngokuba ngumxube wodongwe, amanzi kunye nezongezo zemichiza.

4.Inkqubo yokugaya
Inkqubo yokomba aumatshini wamanzi wokwemba amanziidla ngokwahlulahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba amabini: ukubhola kunye ne-casing. Inqanaba lokugaya libhekiselele kwinkqubo yokugaya iqula kusetyenziswa imibhobho yokubhobhoza kunye neebhithi zokubhoboza. Ngokuqhubekayo ukujikelezisa umbhobho wokubhola kunye nentwana yokomba, umbhobho wokubhola kunye nentwana yokomba igrunjwa kumaleko angaphantsi komhlaba. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokomba, ulwelo lokugrumba luhlala lutofa kwiqula ukupholisa intwana yokomba kunye nokucoca umthombo. Inqanaba le-Casing libhekiselele ekuthumeleni i-casing kwicandelo lomthombo ngecandelo emva kokugrumba kubunzulu obuthile ukuqinisa udonga lomthombo kunye nokuthintela ukudilika kodonga.

5. Ulawulo lwe Wellbore
Kwinkqubo yeukugrunjwa kwequla lamanzi, Ulawulo lwequla likhonkco elibalulekileyo. Ulawulo lwe-Wellbore ikakhulu lubandakanya ububanzi bomthombo, ukucocwa kodonga kunye nokuqiniswa, njl. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokomba, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo i-diameter ye-wellbore ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo zokomba kunye neemeko zejoloji yangaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye ugcine udonga lomthombo lucocekile kwaye luzinzile ngokupholisa kwaye ukucocwa kolwelo lokomba.

6.Drilling ubunzulu kunye nesantya
Ubunzulu bokomba kunye nesantya aumbhobho wokwemba amanzizizalathisi ezibalulekileyo zokusebenza kakuhle kokomba. Ubunzulu bokomba budla ngokumiselwa bubude bombhobho wokugrumba kunye nobubanzi bomthombo, ngelixa isantya sokomba sichatshazelwa zizinto ezinjengeemeko zejoloji yangaphantsi komhlaba, ubume bombhobho wokubhobhoza, kunye nokusebenza kwesuntswana le-drill. Ukwandisa ubunzulu bokugaya kunye nesantya, kufuneka ukhethe iibhobho ezifanelekileyo zokubhobhoza kunye neebhithi zokugaya, kwaye ulungelelanise ngokufanelekileyo iiparitha zokugaya, ezifana nesantya sokujikeleza, izinga lokutya, njl.

Ukushwankathela, imigaqo yeoomatshini bokwemba amaqula amanziikakhulu ibandakanya umbhobho wokomba kunye nentwana yokomba, umbhobho wokomba ohambisa amandla olwelo lokomba, inkqubo yokomba, ulawulo lomthombo, kunye nobunzulu bokomba kunye nesantya. Ngokusebenzisa le migaqo ngokusengqiqweni, oomatshini bokomba amaqula amanzi banokwenza ngokufanelekileyo ukugrumba kakuhle kunye nolawulo lwamaqula.