Ngenxa yokwanda kokungena kwamandla avuselelekayo, uphuhliso lokugcina amandla ixesha elide luye lwaba ngumkhwa, kwaye iindlela zobugcisa zokugcina amandla ixesha elide ziquka ukugcinwa kwamandla okumpompiweyo, ukugcinwa kobushushu betyuwa enyibilikisiweyo, ukugcinwa kombane olulwelo, ukugcinwa komoya ocinezelweyo, kunye nokugcinwa kwehydrogen kwiindidi ezintlanu. Kweli nqanaba, isicelo sokugcina amandla okumpompiweyo sesona sivuthiweyo, kodwa iingenelo zokugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo zinkulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, iindleko eziphantsi, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nococeko, kwaye zinokususa imida yejografi, kulindeleke ukuba zibe sisongezelelo sokugcina amandla okumpompiweyo.
Ugcino lwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo lulolwexesha elide lokugcina amandla, lunokufezekiswa ixesha elide elingaphezulu kweeyure ezi-4 okanye iintsuku, iinyanga zomjikelo wokutshaja nokukhupha inkqubo yokugcina amandla, ekulawuleni ukuguquguquka kokuveliswa kwamandla amatsha kwindima yeenzuzo ezibalaseleyo.
Ngokutsho kwe-Chinese academy of sciences institute of engineering thermophysics energy storage research and development center uXuYuJie, kwixesha elizayo, inkqubo yamandla yelizwe lethu luhlobo olutsha lwamandla amatsha njengenkqubo yamandla ephambili, kunye namandla omoya, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunye nezinye iindlela zokuvelisa amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokuguquguquka kunye nokufikelela okukhulu kwigridi yamandla, kuya kubangela umngcipheko wokhuseleko. Okwangoku, imfuneko yenkqubo yokugcina amandla njengezixhobo ezilawulayo eziguquguqukayo ukulawula inkqubo yamandla. Ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo yinto ebalulekileyo.
“Iteknoloji yokugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo ayintsha, iteknoloji yokugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo yendabuko ibisetyenziswa eJamani, eMelika kangangeminyaka emininzi, kodwa iteknoloji yokugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo yendabuko ixhomekeke kumafutha efosili, imfuneko yemiqolomba emikhulu yendalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcina amandla kuphantsi kunye neminye imiba, ukukhuthazwa okukhulu kuhlala kulinganiselwe.” UXu Yujie uthe inkqubo yokugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo yaseTshayina iphinda isebenzise ubushushu obucinezelweyo, ayisasebenzisi amafutha efosili, kwaye ingasetyenziswa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nezixhobo zokugcina ezingaphezulu komhlaba, amagumbi okwenziwa kunye nemiqolomba yendalo engaphantsi komhlaba ukwakha amagumbi okugcina. Ukongeza, le nkqubo iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcina amandla.
Okwangoku, ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo eyi-100 MW, iTshayina yakhe isikhululo sokuqala samandla omoya ocinezelweyo esiyi-100 MW samazwe ngamazwe, kwaye iqhagamshelwe ngempumelelo kwigridi ukuvelisa umbane. Isikhululo samandla sikwiSithili saseZhangbei, kwiPhondo laseHebei, ihlabathi lakhiwe kwaye lasebenza kule projekthi, eyona mveliso inkulu neyona ilungileyo yesikhululo samandla omoya ocinezelweyo esitsha. Ingavelisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-132 yezigidi ze-kWh zombane ngonyaka, ibonelela ngokhuseleko lwamandla oluphezulu kubasebenzisi abamalunga nama-50,000. Kwangaxeshanye, ingasindisa iitoni ezingama-42,000 zamalahle aqhelekileyo kwaye inciphise iitoni ezili-109,000 zekhabhoni diokside ngonyaka.
Zithini iingenelo zokugcina amandla egesi ecinezelweyo kunezinye iintlobo ezintsha zokugcina amandla? Lilonke, lingashwankathelwa njengelikhuselekileyo, ixesha elide kunye namandla anamandla okuqhuma. Okokuqala, ukugcina amandla egesi ecinezelweyo kukhuselekile kakhulu. Thatha iprojekthi yokugcina amandla ekhabhoni diokside njengomzekelo, kuba ukunyibilika kwekhabhoni diokside kulula kakhulu, ngoko ke ukugcina kwayo kufuna kuphela ii-megapascals ezimbalwa zoxinzelelo, akufuneki ukhathazeke ngokugcinwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegesi okubangelwa yingozi efihliweyo, kwangaxeshanye ikhabhoni diokside ayinabungozi, ayitshi kwaye ayiqhumi, ukhuseleko lwayo lulungile kakhulu. Ukongeza, kuba zonke zizixhobo zoomatshini, ubomi beenkqubo zokugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo bunokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-30-50 phantsi kolondolozo oluqhelekileyo. "Ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya ocinezelweyo yinkqubo ebonakalayo esekelwe kwi-thermal cycling, enezibonelelo zendalo ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko kunye nokwehla kokusebenza, kwaye ithathwa njengenye yezona teknoloji zithembisayo zokugcina amandla amakhulu." Ngokusekelwe kwezi nzuzo, uChen Haisheng, umphandi kwi-Institute of Engineering Thermophysics ye-Chinese Academy of Sciences, uthe ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yokugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwisicwangciso-qhinga kwaye kuyimfuno enkulu yemarike yokufezekisa iinjongo zesicwangciso-qhinga se-dual-carbon zelizwe kunye nokuphucula okusingqongileyo kwendalo.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba ukuqhuma kwamandla okugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo kunamandla kakhulu. Oku kungasebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwezinye izicelo ezikhethekileyo. Kwimeko yeenjini zedizili ezisetyenziswa kwiinqanawa ezinkulu, umzekelo, umoya ocinezelweyo uhlala ugcinwa kwitanki yoxinzelelo kwaye usebenze ngqo kwipiston ngevalvu yokuqalisa ekhethekileyo ukuze ujike i-crankshaft ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukufaka ipetroli. Olu lungiselelo luncinci kwaye lubiza kancinci kunemoto yokuqalisa yombane enobukhulu obufanayo, kwaye lunokubonelela ngokuqhuma kwamandla aphezulu kakhulu afunekayo ngaphandle kokubeka imithwalo emininzi kwijenereyitha kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa inqanawa.
Kwiinkqubo zokugcina amandla omoya ocinezelweyo, iTshayina iqinisa ngakumbi imiboniso emikhulu kunye nezicelo, iqokelela amava kuyilo lobunjineli kunye nolwakhiwo, kwaye iphuhlisa uthotho lwemizi-mveliso olupheleleyo noluvuthiweyo ukuze kukhawuleziswe ukwakhiwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-14-2023
